File
A file is a logically related unit of data, such as a text, for example.
A text consists of a number of different characters which have to be saved one after the other so that they retain their meaning.
The program simply saves the data in a file, the rest is taken care of by the operating system.
The file system (FAT, NTFS, for example) records a new entry that identifies the location of the data on the hard drive.
Each particular operating system stores a range of additional data along with the file. Some examples are: Creation date, last modification date, author, copyright, access rights and much more.
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